Borderline Personality Disorder and Empathy

Borderline Personality Disorder and Empathy Awareness, Information, Research and Resources

“A borderline suffers a kind of emotional hemophilia; [s]he lacks the clotting mechanism needed to moderate [his or her] spurts of feeling. Stimulate a passion, and the borderline emotionally bleeds to death.” ― Jerold Kreisman, Hal Straus

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Empathy Awareness

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Empathy Research

Borderline Personality Disorder and Empathy

"Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition characterized by intense and unstable emotions, difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and a distorted sense of self. When it comes to empathy and BPD, it's a complex topic that requires careful understanding.

Empathy in individuals with BPD can be influenced by various factors, including their emotional dysregulation, fear of abandonment, and difficulties with identity and self-worth. Here are some key points to consider regarding empathy and BPD:

1. Heightened Empathy: Some individuals with BPD may possess a heightened sensitivity and empathy towards the emotions of others. They may be acutely attuned to the needs and feelings of those around them, often to a greater extent than individuals without the disorder. This heightened empathy can stem from their intense emotional experiences and a desire to connect with others on an emotional level.

2. Emotional Instability: Individuals with BPD often struggle with emotional dysregulation, experiencing intense and fluctuating emotions. This emotional instability can impact their ability to effectively empathize with others, as their own emotional turmoil may consume their attention and make it challenging to focus on the emotions of others.

3. Splitting and Empathy Fluctuations: BPD is associated with a cognitive distortion called "splitting," where individuals tend to see things as all-good or all-bad, including people. This splitting can influence the experience of empathy. For example, during moments of intense emotional distress or when perceiving someone as "all-bad," individuals with BPD may struggle to feel or express empathy for that person. Conversely, when perceiving someone as "all-good," they may experience heightened empathy and idealization.

4. Boundary Issues: Difficulties with establishing and maintaining interpersonal boundaries are common in BPD. This can impact empathy, as individuals may have challenges distinguishing their own emotions from the emotions of others. They may have a tendency to absorb and feel responsible for the emotions of those around them, which can be overwhelming and lead to difficulties in empathizing effectively.

It's important to note that individuals with BPD are diverse, and their experiences with empathy may vary. Some individuals may consistently struggle with empathy due to the challenges associated with the disorder, while others may have a more consistent capacity for empathy despite their emotional difficulties.

Treatment for BPD often involves therapy, such as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), which can help individuals develop emotional regulation skills, improve interpersonal effectiveness, and enhance empathy. With therapy and support, individuals with BPD can work towards developing healthier and more balanced empathic responses.

If you or someone you know is experiencing difficulties associated with BPD, it is important to seek professional help from mental health experts who can provide an accurate diagnosis and develop an appropriate treatment plan." (Source: ChatGPT 2023)

Altered Empathy for Psychological and Physical Pain in Borderline Personality Disorder Semantic Scholar

Alterations of Empathy in Mothers with a History of early life Maltreatment, Depression, and Borderline Personality Disorder and their Effects on Child Psychopathology Cambridge Core

Autism, Borderline Personality Disorder, and Empathy Sage Journals

Borderline (BPD) Patients' Quest for Empathy NHS Health Research Authority

Borderline Personality Disorder: Remember Empathy and Compassion MD Edge Psychiatry

Borderline Personality Disorder and Empathic Dysfunction - A Systematic Review Cambridge University Press

Borderline Personality Traits linked to lowered Empathy Science Daily

Double Dissociation between Cognitive and Affective Empathy in Borderline Personality Disorder PDF Document Academia

Do People With BPD Feel Empathy? Symptoms of Living

Dysfunction of Empathy and Related Processes in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review NIH

Effects of Intranasal Oxytocin Administration on Empathy and Approach Motivation in Women with Borderline Personality Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial Translational Psychiatry

Empathic Accuracy and Borderline Personality Disorder American Psychological Association

Empathy Anomalies in Emotionally Unstable (Borderline) Personality Disorder Clinical Trails

Empathy and Alexithymia in Borderline Personality Disorder: Clinical and Laboratory Measures ResearchGate

Empathy and its Relation to Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) Beaten Anxiety

Empathy, Mentalization, and Theory of Mind in Borderline Personality Disorder: Possible Overlap With Autism Spectrum Disorders Europe PMC

Enhanced Processing of Painful Emotions in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study Frontiers in Psychology

Exploring Empathy and Attachment in Borderline Personality Disorder (D.Clin.Psy. Thesis) PDF Download University College London

Empathy in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) Patients Navigo

Familiarity, Empathy and Comprehension of Metaphors in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder Mendeley Data

Impairments of Interpersonal Functioning: Empathy and Intimacy in Borderline Personality Disorder (Review) Karger

Interpersonal functioning and empathy in females with Borderline Personality Disorder: the role of Social Perspective Coordination (PhD Thesis) University of Melbourne

Link found between Brain Activity, Empathy and Borderline Personality Disorder Healio Psychiatry

Low Empathy Associated with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) Psych Central

Oxytocin May Promote Empathy in BPD Patients American Psychiatric Association

Predicting of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) based on Emotional Intelligence, Apathy and Empathy among Soldiers admitted to a Military Hospital LASH

Psychosocial Stress differentially affects Emotional Empathy in Women with Borderline Personality Disorder and Healthy Controls Wiley Online Library

Research links Borderline Personality traits with Lowered Empathy University of Georgia

The Borderline Empathy Effect: Do high BPD individuals have greater Empathic Ability? Or are they just more Difficult to “Read”? Science Direct

The Neurobiology of Empathy in Borderline Personality Disorder Europe PMC

Empathy Paradox and Borderline Personality Disorder - Video

🎓 Mental Health, Psychology and Relationship Resources

Bipolar Disorder and Empathy

 Bipolar Disorder and Empathy Awareness, Information, Research and Resources

“Telling someone who is manic that she's manic is like telling a dictator that he's a dick. Neither is going to admit it, and both are willing to torture you to prove their points.” ― Melody Moezzi

Bipolar Disorder and Empathy Awareness

Bipolar Disorder and Empathy Research

Bipolar Disorder and Empathy
"Bipolar Disorder is a mental health condition characterized by periods of intense mood swings, ranging from depressive episodes to manic or hypomanic episodes. These mood swings can significantly impact various aspects of a person's life, including their emotions and social interactions.

When it comes to empathy and Bipolar Disorder, individuals with the condition can experience empathy, but the expression and experience of empathy may be influenced by their mood state. Here's how empathy may be affected during different phases of the disorder:

1. Depressive episodes: During depressive episodes, individuals with Bipolar Disorder may experience a decrease in overall emotional responsiveness, which can affect their ability to feel and express empathy. They may have difficulty connecting with others emotionally and may struggle to understand or respond to the emotions of those around them.

2. Manic or hypomanic episodes: During manic or hypomanic episodes, individuals with Bipolar Disorder may experience heightened emotions and increased energy levels. In some cases, this can lead to an increased sense of empathy and a heightened ability to understand and connect with the emotions of others. However, it's important to note that empathy experienced during manic episodes may also be influenced by other symptoms, such as grandiosity or impulsivity.

It's worth mentioning that Bipolar Disorder is a complex condition, and its impact on empathy can vary among individuals. Some individuals may consistently experience empathy regardless of their mood state, while others may find that their ability to empathize fluctuates along with their mood swings.

Treatment and management of Bipolar Disorder, such as medication and therapy, can play a crucial role in stabilizing mood swings and improving overall emotional well-being. This, in turn, may help individuals with Bipolar Disorder maintain a more consistent capacity for empathy across different mood states.

If you or someone you know is struggling with Bipolar Disorder, it's important to seek professional help from mental health experts who can provide an accurate diagnosis and develop an appropriate treatment plan." (Source: ChatGPT 2023)

Altered Empathy-related Resting-state Functional Connectivity in Patients with Bipolar Disorder Springer

Bipolar Disorder & Lack of Empathy Pain Assist

Bipolar Disorder and Extreme Empathy Healthy Place

Bipolar Disorder Resources Mental Health and Motivation

Bipolar Empathy: A Humanistic View Linkedin

Can bipolar feel Empathy? The Healthy Journal

Can Bipolar Disorder Cause a Lack of Empathy? Healthline

Changes in Empathy in Bipolar Disorder Boston Evening Therapy

Characterization and Interrelationships of Theory of Mind, Socially Competitive Emotions and Affective Empathy in Bipolar Disorder British Journal of Clinical Psychology

Developing Empathy for People with Bipolar Disorder Through Interactive Performance PDF Download ScienceOpen 

Do People with Bipolar Disorder have a Lack of Empathy? Cambridge University Press

Decreased Empathy Response to other People’s Pain in Bipolar Disorder: Evidence from an Event-Related Potential Study NIH

Deficits in Explicit Emotion Regulation in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review NIH

Empathy Deficit Disorder Resources Mental Health and Motivation 

Empathy and Theory of Mind in Euthymic Bipolar Disorder Science Direct

Emotional Intelligence in Individuals with Bipolar Disorder (Thesis) Nottingham Trent University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy

How Can I Show Empathy to my Loved One with Bipolar? NorthStar Transitions

How specific are emotional deficits? A comparison of empathic abilities in schizophrenia, bipolar and depressed patients Elsevier

Increased Affective Empathy in Bipolar Patients during a Manic Episode NIH

Neuropsychological Evidence of Impaired Cognitive Empathy in Euthymic Bipolar Disorder Psychiatry Online

Patients with Bipolar Disorders Exhibit Impaired Resting-state Functional Connectivity Relating to Empathy Chinese Academy of Sciences

Risk or Resilience? Empathic Abilities in Patients with Bipolar Disorders and their First-Degree Relatives Science Direct

The Forgotten Affective Route of Social Cognition in Patients with Bipolar Disorders Sage Journals

What to Know About Bipolar Disorder and Empathy WebMD

🎓 Mental Health, Psychology and Relationship Resources

Narcissism and Empathy

  Narcissism and Empathy Awareness, Information, Research and Resources

“A narcissist, on the other hand, is the exact opposite of an empath. Emotionally, narcissists are like brick walls who see and hear others but fail to understand or relate to them. As a result of their emotional shallowness, narcissists are essentially devoid of all empathy or compassion for other people. Lacking empathy, a narcissist is a very destructive and dangerous person to be around.” ― Mateo Sol

Narcissism and Empathy Awareness

Narcissism and Empathy Research

Narcissism and Empathy
"Narcissism and empathy are two psychological constructs that can have a complex and often contradictory relationship. Narcissism refers to a personality trait characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others. Here are some key points to consider regarding narcissism and empathy:

1. Lack of Empathy: One of the hallmark features of narcissism is a reduced capacity for empathy. Narcissistic individuals often struggle to understand and share the feelings and perspectives of others. They may be more focused on their own needs, desires, and achievements, and have difficulty genuinely connecting with the emotions and experiences of others.

2. Empathy Deficits: Research suggests that individuals with narcissistic traits tend to have deficits in both cognitive empathy and affective empathy. Cognitive empathy refers to the ability to understand and intellectually recognize others' emotions and perspectives, while affective empathy involves the emotional response and sharing of others' feelings. Narcissistic individuals may struggle with both aspects of empathy.

3. Self-Centeredness: Narcissistic individuals often prioritize their own needs and desires above those of others. They may have a limited capacity for considering others' feelings or perspectives in social interactions. This self-centeredness can hinder their ability to empathize with others, as their focus is primarily on themselves.

4. Empathy as a Manipulation Tactic: Some narcissistic individuals may possess a superficial form of empathy that they use strategically to manipulate others. They may mimic empathy or display surface-level sympathy to gain favor or control in social situations. However, this empathy is typically self-serving and lacks genuine concern for others' well-being.

5. Covert Narcissism and Empathy: It's important to note that there are different subtypes of narcissism, including overt and covert narcissism. Covert narcissism is characterized by more vulnerable and introverted narcissistic traits. Individuals with covert narcissism may display more sensitivity and a greater capacity for empathy, although it can still be limited and self-focused.

6. Narcissistic Injury and Empathy: Narcissistic individuals may be highly sensitive to criticism or perceived threats to their self-esteem. When they experience a narcissistic injury, which is a blow to their self-image or sense of superiority, they may become defensive and less empathetic. Their focus tends to shift toward protecting their self-image rather than considering others' perspectives.

It is important to recognize that narcissism exists on a spectrum, ranging from mild to pathological. Not all individuals with narcissistic traits will exhibit the same level of impairment in empathy. Additionally, empathy is a complex construct influenced by various individual and situational factors, and individuals with narcissistic traits may still possess some capacity for empathy in certain contexts.

It is crucial to exercise caution when interacting with individuals who display narcissistic traits and to establish healthy boundaries in relationships. For individuals with narcissistic personality disorder or significant impairments in empathy, therapy approaches such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or psychodynamic therapy may be beneficial in addressing underlying issues and developing healthier relationship patterns." (Source: ChatGPT 2023)

Are You Using Empathic Projection With the Narcissist? Kim Saeed

Can Narcissists be Moved to show Empathy? Science Daily

‘Dark empaths’: how dangerous are psychopaths and narcissists with empathy? The Conversation

Do Narcissists Actually Lack Empathy? Psychology Today

Do Narcissists deserve Empathy or should we always cut ties? Image

Do Narcissists Lack Empathy? It Depends SPSP

Empathy in Narcissistic Personality Disorder: From Clinical and Empirical Perspectives ResearchGate

How to Identify Failed Empathy in the Narcissistic Personality Couples Institute

How the Narcissist Hurts You Using Cognitive Empathy Psych Central

How To Get A Narcissist To Feel Empathy PSYBLOG

Lack of Empathy in Patients with Narcissistic Personality Disorder Elsevier

Narcissism and Empathy in Young Offenders and Non–Offenders Sage Journals

Narcissism, Empathy and Social Desirability Science Direct

Narcissism & Empathy PDF Document University of Kent

Narcissism and Empathy Spacious Therapy

Narcissism and Empathy: The Modulating Role of Perspective-Taking and Emotion Regulation (Doctoral Thesis) Open Research UK

Narcissistic Personality Disorder Resources Mental Health and Motivation

Psychology Research Breakthrough suggests Narcissists are Capable of Empathy University of Surry

Research Project: Narcissism and Empathy University of Southampton

Self-Love and Other-Love: Research on the Relationships among Narcissism, Empathy and implicit Altruism Acta Psychologica Sinica

Self-reported Emotional and Social Intelligence and Empathy as Distinctive Predictors of Narcissism ResearchGate

Self-Serving Social Strategies: A Systematic Review of Social Cognition in Narcissism Springer

The Narcissist And Their Lack Of Empathy The Narcissistic Life

The Tactic Narcissistic Personalities Often Use on Empathic People Psych Central

When is Narcissism associated with low Empathy? A Meta-analytic Review Science Direct

The Decline of Empathy and the Rise in Narcissism with Sara Konrath, PhD - Video

🎓 Mental Health, Psychology and Relationship Resources

Multi-Level Neuro-Processing (MLNP™) Resources

Multi-Level Neuro-Processing  (MLNP™) and Mental Health

“People will need help and support either intermittently or continuously, but their mental health experience no more defines them than their sexuality, gender, personality or any other aspect of their identity.” - Mike Slade, Lindsay Oades, & Aaron Jarden

Multi-Level Neuro-Processing

"Multi-level neuro-processing refers to the concept of information processing within the brain that occurs at multiple levels or stages. It recognizes that the brain's processing of information involves a hierarchical organization, with each level performing specific functions and contributing to the overall cognitive processes.

At the lowest level, there are individual neurons that receive and transmit electrical signals. These neurons communicate with each other through synaptic connections, forming neural networks. This level of processing involves basic functions such as signal propagation and integration.

At higher levels, groups of neurons form specialized circuits or brain regions responsible for specific functions. For example, visual processing involves the interaction of various brain regions, each responsible for different aspects such as object recognition, motion detection, or color perception.

Multi-level neuro-processing also encompasses the idea of hierarchical processing within individual brain regions. Within a given region, information is processed in a step-by-step manner, with each level building upon the output of the previous level. This hierarchical organization allows for increasingly complex representations and computations.

A classic example of multi-level neuro-processing is found in visual processing. In the visual system, sensory information from the eyes is initially processed in the primary visual cortex, where simple features such as edges and orientations are detected. The processed information is then passed to higher-level visual areas, where more complex features, such as shapes and objects, are recognized. Finally, in the highest-level areas, the processed information is integrated with other cognitive processes, such as memory and attention, to form a coherent perceptual experience.

Understanding multi-level neuro-processing is crucial for unraveling the complexities of brain function and cognition. It helps researchers investigate how information is processed, represented, and transformed within the brain across different levels, leading to a deeper understanding of neurological disorders, cognitive processes, and the functioning of the human mind." (Source: ChatGPT 2023)

How Does MLNP™ Life Coaching Work? Coach Prinsloo : Exceptional Life Coaching 

Life Couching Resources Mental Health and Motivation

Multi-Level Neuro Processing (MLNP™) Coaching Article Mental Health and Motivation

MLNP ™ Training Workshops Institute for Multi-Level Neuro-Processing

The Neuro-Coach Method MLNP ™  Neuro-Coach Method

Trauma and Somatic Counselling Coach Prinsloo : Exceptional Life Coaching

🎓 Mental Health, Psychology and Relationship Resources

International Mental Healthcare Challenges

Challenges in Global Mental Health Care Policies, Systems and Research

“Over the course of the past decade, there’s been increased willingness to recognize mental health as an essential part of one’s well-being.” Nicole Spector

Challenges in Mental Health Disorder Diagnosis

Mental Healthcare Management Challenges and Opportunities

International Mental Healthcare Challenges

"International mental healthcare faces several challenges that impact access to quality care and the well-being of individuals worldwide. Some of these challenges include:

1. Stigma: Stigma surrounding mental health issues remains a significant challenge globally. Negative attitudes and misconceptions surrounding mental illness often lead to discrimination, social exclusion, and reluctance to seek help. This stigma can prevent individuals from accessing appropriate care and support.

2. Limited Resources: Many countries, particularly low- and middle-income nations, face resource constraints when it comes to mental healthcare. There is often a lack of funding, inadequate infrastructure, and a shortage of mental health professionals. Limited resources make it challenging to provide comprehensive services and reach vulnerable populations.

3. Inequality and Disparities: Mental healthcare inequalities exist between and within countries. Disparities can be observed in terms of access to services, quality of care, and availability of specialized treatments. Marginalized populations, such as those from low-income backgrounds, ethnic minorities, and refugees, are often disproportionately affected by limited access and poorer mental health outcomes.

4. Integration of Mental Health into Primary Care: Integrating mental health services into primary care settings is crucial for addressing the global mental health burden. However, many healthcare systems still struggle to achieve this integration effectively. Lack of training, awareness, and coordination between mental health and primary care providers hinder the delivery of comprehensive, coordinated care.

5. Global Burden and Rising Demand: Mental health disorders contribute significantly to the global burden of disease. The demand for mental health services is increasing, driven by factors such as population growth, urbanization, and the impact of societal changes and stressors. Meeting this rising demand is a substantial challenge for healthcare systems worldwide.

6. Emergency and Crisis Response: Adequate emergency and crisis mental healthcare services are essential to support individuals in acute distress. However, many regions lack well-developed crisis response systems, including crisis helplines, emergency psychiatric facilities, and community-based crisis interventions. This gap poses challenges in providing timely and effective care during emergencies.

7. Cultural and Linguistic Competence: Mental healthcare must be culturally sensitive and linguistically appropriate to meet the needs of diverse populations. Language barriers, cultural differences, and varying beliefs about mental health can hinder effective communication, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate treatment. Addressing these challenges requires culturally competent care and the involvement of trained interpreters when necessary.

8. Mental Health in Conflict and Post-Conflict Settings: Populations affected by conflicts, disasters, and humanitarian crises are particularly vulnerable to mental health problems. The provision of mental healthcare in these settings is challenging due to disruptions in healthcare systems, infrastructure damage, and the need to address trauma-related issues. Rebuilding mental health services and ensuring psychosocial support is crucial in these contexts.

To overcome these challenges, a comprehensive approach is needed, focusing on destigmatization, increased investment in mental health infrastructure, workforce development, community-based care, and integrating mental health into primary healthcare. Collaboration among governments, healthcare providers, non-governmental organizations, and international agencies is essential to address these challenges effectively and improve mental healthcare worldwide." (Source: ChatGPT 2023)

Challenges and Barriers in Mental Healthcare Systems and their Impact on the Family: A Systematic Integrative Review Wiley Online Library

Challenges and Lessons Learned in Mental Health Research among Refugees: A Community-Based Study in Turkey BMC Public Health

Challenges and Opportunities in Global Mental Health: a Research-to-Practice Perspective ResearhGate

Challenges and Opportunities to Meet the Mental Health Needs of Underserved and Disenfranchised Populations in the United States Focus Psychiatry Online

Challenges and Priorities for global mental health in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) era The Academy of Medical Sciences

Challenges associated with Mental Health Management: Barriers and Consequences Science Direct

Challenges in Diagnosing Psychiatric Problems in Very Young Children Child Mind Institute 

Challenges faced by Mental Health Nurses working with people living with Mental Illness in Eswatini: A Qualitative Study Science Direct

Different Mental Disorders and Their Challenges Happy Place

Global Mental Health Needs, Services, Barriers, and Challenges JSTOR

International and National Policy Challenges in Mental Health NIH

Integrating Mental Health Services into Primary Health Care – A Review of Challenges and Outcomes in the International Setting Cambridge University Press

Issues and Challenges of Mental Health in Malaysia HR Mars

Lack of Adolescents’ Mental Health Care Is a Global Challenge Jama Network

Mental Health Research in India: New Challenges and the Way Forward Sage Journals

Mental health research in the Arab region: Challenges and Call for Action The Lancet Psychiatry

Mental Health System Costs, Resources and Constraints in South Africa: A National Survey Oxford Academic

Mental illness is a Global Problem: We Need a Global Response  Health Poverty Action

Operational challenges in the pre-intervention phase of a mental health trial in rural India: reflections from SMART Mental Health BMC

Opportunities and Challenges of Global Mental Health Springer

Policy Development and Challenges of Global Mental Health: A Systematic Review of published Studies of National-level Mental Health Policies American Psychological Association

Review and Analysis of mental health reforms in several countries: Implementation, comparison and future challenges Peertechz

Sharing solutions, facing the Challenges of Global Mental Health Global Health Institute

The challenges faced by Mental Health Care Users in a Primary Care Setting: A Qualitative Study PDF Download University of Pretoria

The Nine Grand Challenges in Global Mental Health Frontiers in Psychiatry

Understanding India’s response to mental health care: a systematic review of the literature and overview of the National Mental Health Programme JoGHNP

What are the Current Challenges in Mental Health Disorder Diagnosis?  News Medical Health

Why we should invest in Mental Health in Africa World Economic Forum

Global Mental Health Challenges and Priorities - Video

🎓 Mental Health, Psychology and Relationship Resources

Cognitive and Emotional Decision-Making

 Cognitive and Emotional Decision-Making : Awareness, Information and Research

“Decision making is an art only until the person understands the science.” ― Pearl Zhu

“Decision making and problem solving are not the same. To solve a problem, one needs to find a solution. To make a decision, one needs to make a choice.” ― Michael J. Marx

Difference between Cognitive and Emotional Decision-Making 

Cognitive and Emotional Decision-Making for Mental Health

Cognitive vs. Emotional Decision-Making

Cognitive and Emotional Decision-Making

"Cognitive and emotional factors both play significant roles in decision-making processes. Let's explore each of them:

1. Cognitive decision-making: Cognitive decision-making is a rational and logical process that involves gathering information, evaluating options, and considering the potential outcomes. It relies on cognitive abilities such as reasoning, analysis, and problem-solving. Key cognitive factors in decision-making include:

• Information processing: Gathering relevant information, identifying patterns, and analyzing data to make an informed decision.

• Risk assessment: Evaluating the potential risks and benefits associated with different choices and weighing them against each other.

• Decision analysis: Applying logical frameworks and models, such as cost-benefit analysis or decision trees, to assess the potential outcomes and make a reasoned choice.

• Cognitive biases: Being aware of and minimizing cognitive biases, which are systematic errors in thinking that can lead to irrational decisions. Examples of biases include confirmation bias (favoring information that confirms preexisting beliefs) or anchoring bias (relying too heavily on the first piece of information encountered).

• Problem-solving skills: Applying cognitive processes to identify and evaluate alternative solutions to a problem before making a decision.

2. Emotional decision-making: Emotions play a crucial role in decision-making as well. Emotional decision-making involves relying on gut feelings, intuition, and emotions to guide choices. Key emotional factors in decision-making include:

• Intuition: Trusting your instincts or "gut feeling" to guide decisions based on past experiences and emotional cues.

• Emotional valence: Emotions can influence decision-making by attaching positive or negative valence to different options. Emotionally charged options may be more appealing or aversive, impacting the final choice.

• Emotional regulation: The ability to regulate and manage emotions can impact decision-making by allowing individuals to make more rational choices even when emotions are present.

• Emotional biases: Emotional biases, such as loss aversion (placing greater weight on avoiding losses than acquiring gains) or emotional reasoning (allowing emotions to override logical analysis), can influence decision-making in non-rational ways.

• Emotional intelligence: The capacity to recognize, understand, and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others can improve decision-making by considering and integrating emotional information.

It's important to note that cognitive and emotional factors often interact in decision-making, and their relative influence can vary depending on the situation and individual. Some decisions may be more heavily influenced by cognitive analysis, while others may be driven by emotional factors. Effective decision-making often involves finding a balance between cognitive and emotional processes and considering both rational analysis and emotional responses.

Understanding your own decision-making style and being aware of the cognitive and emotional factors at play can help you make more informed choices. Additionally, seeking diverse perspectives, gathering relevant information, and taking time to reflect on decisions can enhance the decision-making process." (ChatGPT 2023)

Emotion and Decision Making PDF Download Scholars at Harvard

Emotion, Cognition, and Decision Making Taylor and Francis Online

Cognitive-Emotional Decision making (CEDM): A Framework of Patient Medical Decision Making ResearchGate

Cognitive and Affective Influences on Decision-Making Strategies and Outcomes West Virginia University

Cognition and Emotion in Judgment and Decision Making American Phycological Association

Cognition Regulated by Emotional Decision Making NIC

Cognitive vs Emotional Biases – Investing Psychology! Trade Brains

Decision-Making in Anxiety and Its Disorders ScienceDirect

Dysfunctions of decision-making and cognitive control as transdiagnostic mechanisms of mental disorders: advances, gaps, and needs in current research NIH

Emotion and Decision Making Scholars at Harvard

Emotion, Cognition, and Decision Making Taylor and Francis Online

Emotion, Health Decision Making and Health Behaviour Taylor and Francis

Emotion Versus Cognition in Moral Decision-Making: A Dubious Dichotomy Phil Sci Archive

Higher Emotional Awareness is associated with Greater Domain-General Reflective Tendencies Scientific Reports

How do mental disorders impact our decision-making? University of Queensland

How Does Anxiety Short Circuit the Decision-Making Process? Psychology Today

Integrating Emotional Processes into Decision-Making Models Oxford Academic

The Arousing Effect in Decision Making: A Distinction Between Valence and Arousal in the Measurement of Emotional Awareness and Cognitive Processing BI / Norwegian Business School 

The Multiplicity of Emotions: A framework of Emotional Functions in Decision Making University of Bergen

The Role of Emotion in Clinical Decision Making: An Integrative Literature Review BMC

“The Role of Cognitive Control and Emotions in Decision-Making: A Neuroeconomics Perspective” USCDornsife

The Role of Emotion in Decision-Making: A Cognitive Neuroeconomic Approach towards understanding Sexual Risk Behavior ScienceDirect 

The Role of Emotional vs. Cognitive Intelligence in Economic Decision-Making Amongst Older Adults NIH

Toward an Operational Model of Decision Making, Emotional Regulation, and Mental Health Impact NIH

Ways to Prevent Anxiety from Affecting Your Decision-Making Psych Central

Why Emotion Plays a Critical Role in Decision Making The Drum

Emotions and Decision Making - Video

🎓Mental Health, Psychology and Relationship Resources

Time Management Resources

Effective Personal Time Management

“You get to decide where your time goes. You can either spend it moving forward, or you can spend it putting out fires. You decide. And if you don’t decide, others will decide for you.” – Tony Morgan

Benefits of Time Management

Effective Time Management

What is Time Management?

Time Management

Time management refers to the practice of effectively allocating and utilizing one's time to accomplish tasks, achieve goals, and maximize productivity. It involves planning, organizing, prioritizing, and controlling the time spent on various activities.

Here are some key principles and strategies for effective time management:

1. Set clear goals: Clearly define what you want to achieve, both in the short term and long term. This will help you prioritize tasks and allocate time accordingly.

2. Prioritize tasks: Identify the most important and urgent tasks and focus on completing them first. Use techniques like Eisenhower's Urgent-Important Matrix to categorize tasks based on their priority.

3. Plan and schedule: Create a daily, weekly, or monthly schedule to allocate specific time slots for different activities. Use tools like calendars, planners, or digital apps to help you stay organized.

4. Break tasks into smaller steps: Large tasks can be overwhelming, so break them down into smaller, manageable steps. This will make them more approachable and easier to accomplish.

5. Avoid multitasking: While it may seem efficient, multitasking can actually decrease productivity and quality of work. Instead, focus on one task at a time and give it your full attention.

6. Eliminate distractions: Minimize or eliminate distractions that can consume your time, such as social media, email notifications, or excessive noise. Create a conducive work environment that promotes focus and concentration.

7. Learn to delegate: If possible, delegate tasks to others to lighten your workload and free up time for more important responsibilities. Delegation can help you leverage the skills and strengths of others.

8. Take breaks: Regular breaks can improve productivity and prevent burnout. Schedule short breaks throughout your workday to rest and recharge.

9. Learn to say no: It's important to set boundaries and prioritize your own time. Learn to decline requests or tasks that don't align with your goals or priorities.

10. Reflect and adapt: Regularly evaluate your time management practices and identify areas for improvement. Adjust your strategies as needed to optimize your productivity and effectiveness.

Remember, effective time management is a skill that takes practice and consistency. By implementing these strategies and finding a system that works for you, you can enhance your productivity, reduce stress, and achieve a better work-life balance." (Source: ChatGPT 2023)

Benefits of Effective Time Management Article

Essential Time Management Techniques Article

Five time management techniques to help you make the most of each day Fingerprints For Success

Manipulate Time With These Powerful Time Management Tips Article

Organise Yourself: Clear the Clutter; Take Charge of Your Time; Manage Information
John Caunt

Strategies for Better Time Management Article

The Pomodoro Technique: The Acclaimed Time-Management System That Has Transformed How We Work Francesco Cirillo

Time Management: Proven Techniques for Making Every Minute Count
Richard Walsh

Time Management : Set Priorities to Get the Right Things Done
John Hoover

What Is Time Management? Article

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🎓 Mental Health, Psychology and Relationship Resources

Racism and Mental Health

Impact and Prejudice of Racism / Racial Abuse and Discrimination

“Hating people because of their color is wrong. And it doesn't matter which color does the hating. It's just plain wrong.” ― Muhammad Ali

"Defeating racism, tribalism, intolerance and all forms of discrimination will liberate us all, victim and perpetrator alike." ― Ban Ki-moon

What Is Racism? Definition and Examples

Effects and Impact of Racism

Racism and Mental Health

Racism Counselling

Understanding Racial Prejudice

Why is Racism a problem?

Racism
"Racism is a complex and deeply ingrained issue that involves the belief in the inherent superiority or inferiority of individuals or groups based on their race. It manifests in various forms, including discriminatory attitudes, behaviors, policies, and systemic inequalities.

Racism has no scientific basis as there is only one human race, but it has had significant social and historical impacts throughout the world. It has led to discrimination, oppression, and marginalization of racial and ethnic minorities, resulting in unequal access to resources, opportunities, and social justice.

Efforts to combat racism have been ongoing for many years, with progress made in some areas. However, it remains a persistent problem in societies globally. Various approaches have been employed to address racism, including education, legislation, advocacy, and promoting diversity and inclusion.

It is crucial for individuals and communities to actively challenge and confront racism, both in overt and subtle forms, to create a more equitable and just society. This involves recognizing and challenging our own biases, promoting empathy and understanding, and advocating for policies and practices that promote equality and justice for all people, regardless of their race or ethnicity." (Source: ChatGPT 2023)

Anti-Racism Resources Race & Equity Initiative University of Washington

Anti-Racism Resources UNC Diversity and Inclusion

Children, Race and Racism: How Race Awareness Develops PDF Document Download 

Confronting Racism in Counselling and Therapy Training Wiley Online Library

Discrimination and Intolerance Council of Europe

Early Childhood Adversity, Toxic Stress, and the Impacts of Racism on the Foundations of Health Annual Reviews

Guide for Young People: Racism and Mental Health Young Minds

How Racism Can Affect Child Development Center on the Developing Child Harvard University

National Anti-Racism Strategy and Racism. It Stops with Me : Australian Human Rights Commission PDF Document Download

Perceived Discrimination, Race and Health in South Africa National Library of Medicine

Perceptions of Race PDF Download Center for Evolutionary Psychology University of California 

Resources for Talking about Race, Racism and Racialized Violence with Kids
Center for Racial Justice and Education

Racism, Bias, and Discrimination American Psychological Association

Racism Counselling American Counselling Association

Racism, Hate Speech, and Social Media: A Systematic Review and Critique Sage Journals

Racism and its Impact on Society Be United

Racism is Still Part of the Daily South African Experience Moneyweb

Racism and Mental Health Mind

Racism and Mental Health: What to Know WebMD

Racism: What it is, how it Affects us and Why it’s Everyone’s Job to Do Something About It
Synergies

Racism, Xenophobia, and Misogynistic Prejudice in South Africa.  A Case Study of Policy Interventions Since 1994 PDF Download 2022 Pathfinders

Resources for Talking About Race, Racism and Racialized Violence with Kids
Centre for Racial Justice in Education

Systemic Racism has Consequences for All Life in Cities University of Washington

Talking to Kids about Race and Racism Kids Health

Talking with Children and Young People about Race and Racism British Red Cross

Talks to Help You Understand Racism in America TED

The Effects of Racism on Health and Mental Health spunout / INAR

The Impacts of Racism on Health - Race to Justice Toolkit PDF Download

The Impact of Racism on the Future Health of Adults: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study

BMC Public Health

The Impact of “Every Day” Racism on the Mental Health of Young People
Experimental Psychology

The Impact of Racism on Pediatric Mental Health Illinois Doc Assist

The Impact of Racism and Violence on Communities National Library of Medicine

The Impact of Racism on Social Functioning Taylor and Francis Online

Understanding Racial Prejudice Thought Co

What are the Effects of Racism on Health and Mental Health? Medical News Today

What Is The Psychological Impact Of Racism? Stuartcentre

What Is Racism: Definition and Examples Thought Co

Why is Racism a problem? Australian Human Rights Commission

What is Xenophobia? Mental Health and Motivation

The Science of Racism | Creators for Change - YouTube Video

🎓 Mental Health, Psychology and Relationship Resources

Antisocial Personality Disorder and Empathy

   Antisocial Personality Disorder and Empathy Awareness,  Information and Research

“If you bewilder other people about your self identify, this shows that you are being behaving really good in disguise. Also, if posses this kind of personality, you will likely have no remorse for your mistake and you will eventually lose your trust from others.” ― Saaif Alam

Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) and Empathy Awareness

Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) and Empathy Research

An investigation of empathic and moral decision making processes comparing patients with a diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder and patients with a diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy NHS Health Research Authority

Can People with an Antisocial Personality Feel Empathy or Remorse? PsychCentral

Can Someone with Antisocial Personality Disorder feel Empathy? Optimist Minds


Cognitive Empathy in Subtypes of Antisocial Individuals Frontiers in Psychiatry

Comparison: Cognitive Empathy and Emotional Empathy in Assertive Individuals and Individuals with Antisocial Personality style Institute for Cognitive Sciences Study

Do Adult Males with Antisocial Personality Disorder (with and without co-morbid Psychopathy) have deficits in emotion processing and Empathy? A Systematic Review ResearchGate

Empathy: A Factor in Antisocial Behavior NIH

Empathy Deficit in Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Psychodynamic Formulation Semantic Scholar

Empathy, Persistent Aggression and Antisocial Personality Disorder Taylor and Francis Online

Emotion Processing and Empathy Deficits in Antisocial Personality disorder: A Systematic Review Longdom  Journal of Psychology & Psychotherapy

Experiential Avoidance, Empathy, and Anger-Related Attitudes in Antisocial Personality Disorder ResearchGate

Experiential Avoidance, Empathy, and Anger-Related Attitudes in Antisocial Personality Disorder Turkish Journal of Medical Science

Is there evidence that MBT is effective in the treatment of antisocial personality disorder? Prof Anthony W Bateman

Mindfulness Alexithymia and Empathy Moderate Relations between trait Aggression and Antisocial Personality Disorder Traits Tilburg University

Predicting Antisocial Behaviour from the Neurobiology of Empathy CORDIS

The Association between Toddlerhood Empathy Deficits and Antisocial Personality Disorder Symptoms and Psychopathy in Adulthood Cambridge University Press

Theory of Mind as Empathy: Cognitive and Affective Empathic Deficits Counterbalanced in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Antisocial Personality Disorder Bard Digital Commons

🎓 Mental Health, Psychology and Relationship Resources

Houston Detox Resources

 Houston, Texas Detox and Withdrawal Resources

The greater Houston area is one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the United States. In fact, it is the fifth most populated metropolitan area in the country. With a large population, this area has a well developed economy and a substantial amount of tourism. Unfortunately, it also sees its fair share of addiction.

Addiction in Houston, Texas, is a substantial problem. The state of Texas, overall, sees a significant amount of drug trafficking as it shares a 1,254 mile long border with Mexico, one of the entry points for illegal drugs to enter the United States. Methamphetamine, cocaine, and heroin are among the main drugs that are trafficked into the state, which has the 2nd largest population in the United States after California.

Whether substance abuse is engaged in with illicit drugs or legally acquired substances (such as prescription drugs and alcohol), it is highly damaging to a person’s physical health, mental health, and social well being. To avoid or reverse these negative consequences, it is important to seek out addiction resources and assistance as soon as possible. (Source: Houston Detox Resources)

Addition Withdrawal Resources / What to Expect

• Fentanyl Withdrawal
• Percocet Withdrawal
• Methadone Withdrawal
• Tramadol Withdrawal
• Adderall Withdrawal
• OxyContin Withdrawal
• Vicodin Withdrawal
• Codeine Withdrawal
• Ketamine Withdrawal

The Benefits of Medical Detox for Substance Abuse

Post Recovery Care Addiction Resources in Texas

Learn more about  'Addiction Withdrawal' on the Houston Detox Resources Website.

Source / Reference: Magnolia City Detox

Published with permission from Magnolia City Detox

Prolonged Grief Disorder

Prolonged Grief Disorder: Awareness, Causes, Symptoms And Signs

“Deep grief sometimes is almost like a specific location, a coordinate on a map of time. When you are standing in that forest of sorrow, you cannot imagine that you could ever find your way to a better place. But if someone can assure you that they themselves have stood in that same place, and now have moved on, sometimes this will bring hope”― Elizabeth Gilbert

Prolonged Grief

"Prolonged grief, also known as complicated grief or prolonged grief disorder, is a specific form of grief that persists for an extended period and significantly impairs an individual's functioning and well-being. It is a condition where the process of mourning and adjusting to the loss becomes prolonged and complicated. Here are some key points to understand about prolonged grief:

1. Definition: Prolonged grief is characterized by intense and persistent symptoms of grief lasting for at least six months or longer after the loss. These symptoms may include persistent yearning, intense sadness, preoccupation with the deceased, difficulty accepting the loss, feelings of emptiness, and difficulty engaging in daily activities or forming new relationships.

2. Risk factors: Prolonged grief can affect anyone who has experienced a significant loss, such as the death of a loved one, but certain factors may increase the risk. These can include a close or dependent relationship with the deceased, sudden or unexpected loss, a history of mental health conditions, lack of social support, or previous experiences of trauma or loss.

3. Differentiation from normal grief: While grief is a natural response to loss, prolonged grief goes beyond the normal grieving process. It is characterized by the persistence and severity of symptoms, which can significantly impact daily functioning and overall well-being.

4. Impact on mental and physical health: Prolonged grief can have a significant impact on a person's mental and physical health. It may lead to symptoms of depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, impaired immune function, and increased risk of medical conditions like cardiovascular disease. It can also affect relationships, work or school performance, and overall quality of life.

5. Diagnosis and treatment: Prolonged grief is recognized as a specific mental health condition. A diagnosis is typically made by a mental health professional based on specific criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Treatment may involve various approaches, including psychotherapy, support groups, medication (in some cases), and other interventions aimed at helping individuals process their grief, adapt to the loss, and regain functioning and well-being.

6. Seeking support: If you or someone you know is experiencing prolonged grief, it is essential to seek professional help. Mental health professionals, such as therapists, psychologists, or counselors, can provide specialized support and guidance in navigating the grieving process. Support groups and community resources can also offer valuable support and connection with others who have experienced similar losses.

Remember that grief is a unique and individual process, and there is no set timeline for healing. However, if you or someone you know is struggling with persistent and impairing grief, it is important to seek help and support. Mental health professionals can provide an appropriate diagnosis and recommend effective interventions to address prolonged grief and promote healing." (Source: ChatGPT 2023)

Complicated Grief: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Assessment and Diagnosis PDF Download

Complicated Grief, Symptoms and Causes Mayo Clinic

Diagnostic and Clinical Considerations in Prolonged Grief Disorder NIH

Diagnosis of Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) Oxford Academic

Grief Counseling: How It Works, Benefits And More Forbes

Grief and Mourning gone awry: Pathway and Course of Complicated Grief Taylor & Francis

The Five Stages of Grief: An Examination of the Kubler-Ross Model PSYCOM

How to spot the Red Flags of Complicated Grief Disorder White River Manor

Grief: Different Reactions and Timelines in the Aftermath of Loss US Department of Veterans Affairs

New Paths for people with Prolonged Grief Disorder American Psychological Association

Management of Bereavement and Grief in Adults UpToDate

Predictors of Prolonged Grief Disorder in a German Representative Population Sample: Unexpectedness of Bereavement Contributes to Grief Severity and Prolonged Grief Disorder Frontiers in Psychiatry

Prolonged Grief as a Disease? Springer Link

'Prolonged Grief Disorder' Is Now an Official Mental Health Condition - These Are the Symptoms to Know  Health

“Prolonged Grief Disorder” and “persistent Complex bereavement Disorder”, but not “Complicated Grief”, are one and the same Diagnostic Entity: An Analysis of data from the Yale Bereavement Study World Psychiatry 

Prolonged Grief Disorder: Mental Health Experts Identify the Signs Healthline

Prolonged Grief Disorder in Adults: Treatment UpToDate

The Profound Sadness of Prolonged Grief Harvard Medicine

The Columbia Center for Complicated Grief Center Columbia University

 

Treating Complicated Grief Open Arms

Uncomplicated Bereavement & Prolonged Grief Disorder DSM-5 : Causes, Symptoms, Treatment Thrive Works

When Grief Gets Stuck: Information & Resources on Complicated Grief John Bristol Therapy

What Distinguishes Prolonged Grief Disorder from Depression? TidtssKriftet

What Is Prolonged Grief Disorder? WebMD

What is Complicated Grief? A Short Introduction - Video

🎓 Mental Health, Psychology and Relationship Resources